1. Sigma Alpha Epsilon Umass

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In finance, a foreign exchange option (commonly shortened to just FX option or currency option) is a derivative financial instrument that gives the right but not the.Louis Manigault Louis Manigault was the son of Charles I. Manigault, a wealthy rice planter from who traced his ancestry to a refugee who fled from 's persecution and came to America in 1691.He served in the American Civil War as assistant to the Confederate Surgeon General.

Moreover, he was a prominent plantation and slave owner in South Carolina. Stephen Ormsby Rhea was the son of John Rhea, an important cotton planter of who helped open the disputed territory of and made it a part of the US and the state of Louisiana. Horace Spangler Weiser, of, was a descendant of, also a refugee from Europe who became famous in the, representing several provisional chapters in treaty negotiations with. Manigault and Rhea met at St. Paul's Preparatory School near, where both were members of the same literary society and were preparing themselves for admission to Yale. Download Free Sigma Alpha Epsilon Ritual Pdf Free DownloadWeiser attended a private school in, and he met Rhea early in his freshman year, who introduced him to Manigault.

Once at Yale, Manigault and Rhea became members of Yale's Calliopean Literary Society, and Weiser was a member of the Linonian Literary Society. Manigault was very much interested in the class society system at Yale and noted the class fraternities provided experience for their members and prepared them for competition in literary contests.

The sophomore class there had only one society, Kappa Sigma Theta, which displayed an attitude of superiority toward non-fraternity men. Manigault revealed to his friends Rhea and Weiser a plan for founding another sophomore society.Rhea agreed and enlisted Weiser to become the three founders of Alpha Sigma Phi. Their first official meeting was held in Manigault's room on Chapel Street on December 6, 1845. The constitution and ritual were then written and the fraternity pin was designed. The first pledge class, of 14 members, was initiated on June 24, 1846.After the birth of Alpha Sigma Phi, an intense rivalry began with Kappa Sigma Theta. This was expressed in their publications, Kappa Sigma Theta's The Yale Banger and Alpha Sigma Phi's The Yale Tomahawk.In 1852, the editors of the Tomahawk were expelled after violating faculty orders to cease publication. However, the rivalry between the organizations continued until 1858, when Kappa Sigma Theta was suppressed by the faculty.

Beyond Yale The first expansion effort was to Amherst College, but it only lasted about six months, at which time due to faculty opposition at Amherst, the parent chapter requested that it dissolve and return the constitution. However, a fragmentary document in the Yale library suggests that Beta was chartered in 1850 at but lived a very short life due to a wave of. The chapter at Harvard was revived in 1911 as Beta Chapter but only survived about 20 years; the charter was withdrawn due to Harvard's anti-fraternity environment. When the Amherst College chapter s restored in 1854, it was designated as either Gamma or Delta Chapter.

(a charter document found in Yale archives shows the latter, but Bairds Manual from its earliest editions and later records of the fraternity refer to it as Gamma.) When the chapter at was chartered in 1860, it was given the Delta designation, despite the parent chapter being aware of this discrepancy.When the broke out across the, almost every member of Delta at Marietta enlisted in the. Three of the brothers gave their lives fighting for the Union cause. Former chapter presidents William B. Whittlesey and George B.

Turner fell on the battlefields of and.They willed their personal possessions and their swords to the chapter, which treasured those mementos until the chapter closed for two decades in the mid-1990s. From 1858 through 1863 the sophomore members of Alpha Sigma Phi were elected in almost equal numbers by the two stronger Junior Class fraternities, with a smaller number going to the third. In 1864, however, the mother chapter at Yale was torn by internal dissension. Because less attention was being given to the sophomore class societies, some Alpha Sigma Phi members pledged to, a junior class society, and attempted to turn the control of Alpha Sigma Phi over to Delta Kappa Epsilon.

However, the attempt was thwarted by members of Alpha Sigma Phi who had pledged to the other two junior class societies. A conflict ensued, and the faculty suppressed Alpha Sigma Phi to end the disorder. However, the traditions of Alpha Sigma Phi were carried on by two new sophomore class societies, Delta Beta Xi and Phi Theta Psi.Louis Manigault sought to renew his loyalty and friendship with his brothers of Alpha Sigma Phi, and agreed with Rhea and Weiser to consider Delta Beta Xi its true descendant.

They were unaware at the time that Delta Chapter at Marietta still existed as Alpha Sigma Phi. The second founders were: Wayne Montgomery Musgrave, an graduate of,. He provided the organizational spark that fanned Alpha Sigma Phi into national prominence. Edwin Morey Waterbury, born in on September 26, 1884, son of Dr. And Frances Waterbury.Waterbury was an educator, and vice-principal of the New York State Normal School at Geneseo from 1873 to 1895. With the inactivation of Delta Beta Xi at Yale, Alpha Sigma Phi was kept alive only at Marietta by Delta.

At Yale, in fall 1906 four friends agreed in a conversation over a card game that an organization was needed that was open to all students, instead of representing only the sophomore or junior classes. The four friends were Robert L. Ervin, Benjamin F.

Crenshaw, Arthur S.Ely, and Edwin M. Other members soon joined the group in their mission, the first of which were Fredrick H. Waldron and Wayne M.Ervin knew some of the alumni brothers of Delta at Marietta and asked them to send the first letter to Delta. On March 27, 1907, Ely, Crenshaw, Musgrave, Waldron, and Waterbury traveled to Marietta and were initiated into Alpha Sigma Phi. Upon returning to, they initiated the other friends they had recruited into the new Alpha chapter at Yale.Many of the old Alpha members returned to Yale upon hearing the news of the refounding, and helped acquire the fraternity's first piece of real estate, the 'Tomb', a windowless two story building.

Sigma Alpha Epsilon Umass

No non-member was allowed entrance. No member could speak of the interior of the building, and were even expected to remain silent while passing by the exterior of the building. Theta Chapter at the A new national organization was formed at an Alpha Sigma Phi at Marietta in 1907, and within a year there were three new chapters: Zeta at, Eta at the, and Theta at the. In 1910 another convention was held with the members of the former chapters at, and, and a delegation from the Delta Beta Xi fraternity. All of these pledged to anew their loyalty to a restored Alpha Sigma Phi, and soon afterward the chapters Mu at the, Nu at, and Upsilon at the were added.Alpha Sigma Phi survived fairly easily and even recruited many new members during those years.

In the post-war era, Alpha Sigma Phi expanded at the rate of one chapter per year. In 1939, Phi Pi Phi merged with Alpha Sigma Phi, as the Great Depression left that fraternity with only five of its original twenty-one chapters.Hit Alpha Sigma Phi hard, with many brothers losing their lives due to the conflict, forcing many chapters to close. Illinois State University Chapter House On September 6, 1946, Alpha Kappa Pi merged with Alpha Sigma Phi. Alpha Kappa Pi had never had a national office, but was still a strong fraternity. During the war, they had lost many chapters and realized the need for a more stable national organization. Alpha Sigma Phi expanded again in 1965 by five more chapters when it merged with Alpha Gamma Upsilon.The 1980s found a younger generation of leaders taking the reins of the fraternity. Keeping in mind one of its oldest traditions, being a fraternity run by undergraduates, the leadership and undergraduates began expanding in new directions.

In 2006, Alpha Sigma Phi won the 's Laurel Wreath Award for the Ralph F. Burns Leadership Institute for new members. In 2016, the fraternity won the Laurel Wreath Award for their educational program 'Toastmasters' Lite'. The program provides undergraduate brothers the opportunity to learn and practice public speaking skills.Notable Members Since its founding in 1845, Alpha Sigma Phi's commitment to its five principles has been a foundation of success for its thousands of alumni. Archived from (PDF) on 2013-12-13. To Better the Man: The Manual of Alpha Sigma Phi Fraternity.Archived from on 2005-11-26.

Retrieved 2006-05-23. Archived from on 19 June 2006. Retrieved 2006-05-23.Archived from on March 27, 2004. Retrieved 2006-05-23. Archived from on December 13, 2003. Retrieved 2006-05-23.Archived from on 18 May 2006.

Retrieved 2006-05-23. (PDF) from the original on 10 September 2008.Retrieved 2008-08-12. Alexander, Dan (2016-12-27). Retrieved 2016-12-27. External links. Official website. Audio recordings (WAV).In finance, a foreign exchange option (commonly shortened to just FX option or currency option) is a derivative financial instrument that gives the right but not the obligation to exchange money denominated in one currency into another currency at a pre-agreed exchange rate on a specified date.1 See Foreign exchange derivative.

The foreign exchange options market is the deepest, largest and most liquid market for options of any kind. Most trading is over the counter (OTC) and is lightly regulated, but a fraction is traded on exchanges like the International Securities Exchange, Philadelphia Stock Exchange, or the Chicago Mercantile Exchange for options on futures contracts. The global market for exchange-traded currency options was notionally valued by the Bank for International Settlements at $158.3 trillion in 2005 For example, a GBPUSD contract could give the owner the right to sell?1,000,000 and buy $2,000,000 on December 31. In this case the pre-agreed exchange rate, or strike price, is 2.0000 USD per GBP (or GBP/USD 2.00 as it is typically quoted) and the notional amounts (notionals) are?1,000,000 and $2,000,000.This type of contract is both a call on dollars and a put on sterling, and is typically called a GBPUSD put, as it is a put on the exchange rate; although it could equally be called a USDGBP call.

If the rate is lower than 2.0000 on December 31 (say Croup deadly drums rare names. 1.9000), meaning that the dollar is stronger and the pound is weaker, then the option is exercised, allowing the owner to sell GBP at 2.0000 and immediately buy it back in the spot market at 1.9000, making a profit of (2.0000 GBPUSD? 1.9000 GBPUSD)?1,000,000 GBP = 100,000 USD in the process. If instead they take the profit in GBP (by selling the USD on the spot market) this amounts to 100,000 / 1.9000 = 52,632 GBP.

Although FX options are more widely used today than ever before, few multinationals act as if they truly understand when and why these instruments can add to shareholder value. To the contrary, much of the time corporates seem to use FX options to paper over accounting problems, or to disguise the true cost of speculative positioning, or sometimes to solve internal control problems. The standard clich?About currency options affirms without elaboration their power to provide a company with upside potential while limiting the downside risk. Options are typically portrayed as a form of financial insurance, no less useful than property and casualty insurance.

This glossy rationale masks the reality: if it is insurance then a currency option is akin to buying theft insurance to protect against flood risk. The truth is that the range of truly non-speculative uses for currency options, arising from the normal operations of a company, is quite small. In reality currency options do provide excellent vehicles for corporates' speculative positioning in the guise of hedging. Corporates would go better if they didn't believe the disguise was real.Let's start with six of the most common myths about the benefits of FX options to the international corporation - myths that damage shareholder values. Historically, the currency derivative pricing literature and the macroeconomics literature on FX determination have progressed separately.

In this Chapter I argue the joint study of these two strands of literature and give an overview of FX option pricing concepts and terminology crucial for this interdisciplinary study. I also explain the three sources of information about market expectations and perception of risk that can be extracted from FX option prices and review empirical methods for extracting option-implied densities of future exchange rates. As an illustration, I conclude the Chapter by investigating time series dynamics of option-implied measures of FX risk vis-a-vis market events and US government policy actions during the period January 2007 to December 2008. Chapter 2: This Chapter proposes using foreign exchange (FX) options with different strike prices and maturities to capture both FX expectations and risks.We show that exchange rate movements, which are notoriously difficult to model empirically, are well-explained by the term structures of forward premia and options-based measures of FX expectations and risk. Although this finding is to be expected, expectations and risk have been largely ignored in empirical exchange rate modeling. Using daily options data for six major currency pairs, we first show that the cross section options-implied standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis consistently explain not only the conditional mean but also the entire conditional distribution of subsequent currency excess returns for horizons ranging from one week to twelve months.

At June 30 and September 30, the value of the portfolio was?1,050,000. Note, however, that the notional amount of Ridgeway's hedging instrument was only?1,000,000. Therefore, subsequent to the increase in the value of the pound (which is assumed to have occurred on June 30), a portion of Ridgeway's foreign currency exchange risk was not hedged. For the three-month period ending September 30, exchange rates caused the value of the portfolio to decline by $52,500.Of that amount, only $50,000 was offset by changes in the value of the currency put option. The difference between those amounts ($2,500) represents the exchange rate loss on the unhedged portion of the portfolio (i.e., the 'additional'?50,000 of fair value that arose through increased share prices after entering into the currency hedge).

At June 30, the additional?50,000 of stock value had a U.S. Dollar fair value of $45,000. At September 30, using the spot rate of 0.85:1, the fair value of this additional portion of the portfolio declined to $42,500.

Ridge way will exclude from its assessment of hedge effectiveness the portion of the fair value of the put option attributable to time value.That is, Ridgeway will recognize changes in that portion of the put option's fair value in earnings but will not consider those changes to represent ineffectiveness. Aitan Goelman, the CFTC’s Director of Enforcement, stated: “The setting of a benchmark rate is not simply another opportunity for banks to earn a profit. Countless individuals and companies around the world rely on these rates to settle financial contracts, and this reliance is premised on faith in the fundamental integrity of these benchmarks.

The market only works if people have confidence that the process of setting these benchmarks is fair, not corrupted by manipulation by some of the biggest banks in the world.” The Commission finalized rules to implement the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act regarding Regulation of Off-Exchange Retail Foreign Exchange Transactions and Intermediaries. The Commission also finalized Conforming Changes to existing Retail Foreign Exchange Regulations in response to the Dodd-Frank Act. Additional information regarding these final rules is provided below, including rules, factsheets, and details of meetings held between CFTC Staff and outside parties.tartardavid.